|
楼主 |
发表于 2012-8-26 04:02:01
|
显示全部楼层
Pyrrhus of Epirus, 280 to 272 BC
Scenario Instructions
Defeating the Samnites and others has made the Roman Republic the dominant power in central Italy, but the Greek colonies in southern Italy have become wary of our intentions. They have called for help. A Macedonian adventurer, King Pyrrhus of Epirus, has landed with a strong army, including War Elephants. If we lose our southern colonies to Pyrrhus, Rome might be at risk. If we can defeat Pyrrhus, however, we must push south to remove the Macedonians as a threat from southern Italy.
Objective
- Destroy the Macedonians without losing your two Town Centers.
- Move quickly; the Macedonians know you are coming and are readying their defenses.
Although our losses were heavy, the ambitions of Pyrrhus have been stymied and he has withdrawn to Greece. All of southern Italy is now ours, thanks to the fighting qualities of our brave soldiers and your leadership. All of Rome salutes you.
The Macedonian Hoplites have decimated our swordsmen and King Pyrrhus has made a mockery of you as a war leader. Our gains to the south have been lost and the Macedonians threaten Rome itself. The leaders of Rome request that you report to the Archery Range, where you will get the point of their dissatisfaction.
The ambitious King Pyrrhus of Epirus responded to the call for help from Greek colonies in southern Italy, landing at Tarentum (Tarento) in 280 BC. He campaigned in Sicily and southern Italy from 279 to 275 BC. The heavy losses his army sustained in early victories against the Romans led him to comment that another such victory would destroy his army. This was the origin of the expression "a Pyrrhic victory," meaning one that was prohibitively expensive. The battles against Pyrrhus were the Romans' first experience with opponents who used war elephants.
Pyrrhus advanced on Rome but was unable to take the city. The Romans defeated him near Beneventum (Benevento) in 275 BC and he returned to Greece. Tarentum fell to the Romans in 272 BC, consolidating their hold on southern Italy.
After completing the absorption of Greek colonies on the southern mainland, the Romans became embroiled in fighting on Sicily, at the request of Italian mercenaries battling at Messina. This brought the Romans into contact with the other rising power of the Western Mediterranean, the Carthaginians.
Carthage (near modern Tunis) was originally a Phoenician colony. By the third century BC it had colonies of its own along the North African coast and in Spain, southern France, Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily. Carthage was a trading and naval power. The First Punic War (264- 241 BC) was fought between Rome and Carthage mainly at sea and on Sicily. The Romans were forced to learn naval warfare and built several fleets to engage their enemies. The Romans failed to take Carthage but did win ownership of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia as part of the peace settlement. The peace was broken within 20 years and a new war between Rome and Carthage ensued.
Pyrrhus of Epirus, 280 to 272 BC
伊庇魯斯的皮瑞斯,公元前二八零至二七二年
打敗薩模奈人與其他對手讓羅馬共和國崛起成為主導中義大利地區的勢力,但是南義大利的希臘殖民地亦開始警惕著我們的下一步意圖,並且著手向外求援,而其中一位就是馬其頓的投機者伊庇魯斯王皮瑞斯,他帶著包括戰象在內的大軍登陸了義大利。如果我們將南部的殖民地輸給皮瑞斯,羅馬本身亦會陷入危機。相反,如果我們能夠將皮瑞斯打敗的話,我們還必須繼續向南推進以消除馬其頓人對南義大利的威脅。
在不失去你的兩個市鎮中心的情況下打敗馬其頓人。
盡早行動;馬其頓人知道你會來襲,並正準備設防。
雖然我們損失慘重,皮瑞斯的野心還是被湮滅了,他已經被迫退回到希臘。全靠我國一眾強兵猛將的優秀戰績與您的英明領導,整個南義大利現在都是我們的了。全羅馬城仝人向您致敬。
馬其頓方陣兵把我們的劍兵斬盡殺絕,皮瑞斯王更恥笑你不配稱為一軍之將。我們在南方所得的一切都丟失了,而且馬其頓人還直接威脅到羅馬本身。羅馬的領袖要求你到射箭場報到,並在那裡充當讓他們發洩不滿的一個靶子。
野心勃勃的伊庇魯斯王皮瑞斯回應了南義大利希臘殖民地的求援,並且在公元前二八零年於他林敦(塔蘭托)一地登陸。他從公元前二七九到二七五年之間轉戰於西西里島及南義大利一帶,他的軍隊早期對上羅馬人時有過一些初捷,不過期間遭受的重大損失卻讓他感嘆再來一次這樣的勝利將可能摧毀他的軍隊,而此事即為「皮洛士式勝利」一語的源起,意指代價太高昂的慘勝。另一方面,與皮瑞斯的一連串作戰亦係羅馬人與使用戰象的對手交鋒的首度經驗。
皮瑞斯後來曾經向羅馬城推進但無功而還,到公元前二七五年羅馬人還於貝內文圖姆(貝內文托)附近將他打得大敗,他更因此被迫退回希臘,至於他林敦則隨即在公元前二七二年陷落,羅馬人亦藉此鞏固了他們對於南義大利的掌控。
完成汲收內陸南部的希臘殖民地之後,羅馬人又接受墨西拿的義大利傭兵邀請而到西西里島上浴血奮戰,這讓羅馬人與地中海西另一強權迦太基人終於碰頭。
迦太基(鄰近今天的突尼斯)本來是腓尼基人的殖民地,但到公元前三世紀前它在北非沿岸及西班牙、法國南部、科西嘉、薩丁尼亞與西西里就都有了自己的殖民地。迦太基是一個貿易與海軍強權,羅馬與迦太基之間的第一次布匿戰爭(公元前二六四至二四一年)就主要是在海上及西西里島上開打的,期間羅馬人學習海軍戰術及建造多支艦隊去與敵人接戰。雖然羅馬人未能進佔迦太基,但也贏得西西里、科西嘉及薩丁尼亞作為和談的條件,然而短短二十年內和約即遭撕毀,羅馬與迦太基之間的新一場戰爭由是爆發。
|
|